Request pdf mori as, furukawa t, sasaki t response diversity determines the resilience of ecosystems to environmental change. Native forests and grasslands across the world face a range of threats, including climate change, urbanization, and exotic species invasions. New paradigms for supporting the resilience of marine. Response diversity determines the resilience of ecosystems. Resilient ecosystems sustain biological diversity and human livelihoods in times of severe and wideranging change, and the concepts of resiliencebased ecosystem stewardship 5 helps people to. Response diversity, ecosystem change, and resilience thomas elmqvist1, carl folke1z, magnus nystr6m1, garry peterson4, jan bengtsson23, brian walker5, and jon norberg biological diversity. Legitimacy, adaptation, and resilience in ecosystem management. Ecosystem resilience in a changing world compasslive. Enhancing resilience with response diversity resilience resilience is nowadays a widely used concept concerning the status and dynamics of socialecological systems. Diversity matters at different levels and scales, from genes to species and from habitats to landscapes. This chapter explores the links between ecosystem services and climate change. Diversity, adaptability and ecosystem resilience rozenn keribin1, dr andrew friend1, dr drew purves2 1 department of geography, university of cambridge 2 microsoft research, cambridge summary. It first describes the ecosystem services that contribute to mitigation and adaptation, as well as the threat of climate. With the northern cod, significant amounts of capelin an important prey species for the cod.
Response diversity and the reassembly of trait space was limited, and varied according to biogeographic differences in the attributes of dominant, rapidly recovering species. Ecosystems that have low levels of interdependence are much more vulnerable to change. Response diversity is particularly important for ecosystem renewal and reorganization following change. A resilient organism or ecosystem can withstand a disturbance without shifting to an alternative state and can continue to function as if the.
Thus, ecosystem based approach through adaptation and mitigation is instrumental to maintain ecosystem health so as to sustain system resilience in the face of climate change. For example, various elements such as the water cycle, fertility, biodiversity. The report to which i have contributed as one of several. Abstract ecologists have made great strides in developing criteria for describing the resilience of an ecological system. A synthesis is emerging between biodiversity ecosystem function and ecological resilience research reply to mori tom h.
Resilience thinking considers those properties of human and natural systems complex adaptive socialecological. Biological diversity appears to enhance the resilience of desirable ecosystem states, which is required to secure the production of essential ecosystem services. Response diversity provides adaptive capacity in a world of complex systems, uncertainty, and humandominated environments. Eba is the use of biodiversity and ecosystem services as part of an overall adaptation. Resilience loss can feed back on itself, because disturbance has a greater effect on ecosystems that have already lost resilience. Published here under license by the resilience alliance. Ecosystembased adaptation eba integrates the use of biodiversity and ecosystem. The resilience and resistance of an ecosystem to a. Pdf response diversity, ecosystem change, and resilience. Ecosystem resilience an overview sciencedirect topics. The diversity of responses to environmental change among species contributing to the same ecosystem function, which we call response diversity, is critical to resilience. Response diversity builds resilience in ecosystems. In ecology, resilience is the capacity of an ecosystem to respond to a perturbation or.
Response diversity, ecosystem change, and resilience thomas elmqvist, stockholm university nov. Ecological diversity and resilience gross national happiness. In fact, the second ad hoc technical expert group on biodiversity and climate change of the convention on biological diversity defined ecosystem based approaches to climate change. Response diversity, ecosystem change, and resilience. For example, in the face of global warming or a long term drought, do all species in a given region that eat a certain sort of vegetation shift their range and go locally extinct. However, current understanding of response diversity is poor, and we see an urgent need to disentangle the conceptual strands that pervade studies of the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Request pdf biodiversity and resilience of ecosystem functions accelerating rates of environmental change and the continued.
Response diversity and resilience resilience has been used in several different ways, including as an evocative metaphor in discourse on sustainability and as a quantity that is potentially measurable in a. Protecting and enhancing the resilience of ecosystems u. Recent work in ecology suggests that the diversity of responses to environmental change among species contributing to the same ecosystem. Biodiversity and the ecosystem functions and services it underpins can increase peoples resilience to climate change by.
The contribution of ecosystem services to human resilience iii summary ecosystem services es are the benefits provided by ecosystems that contribute to making human life possible and worth living ma. Biodiversity, ecosystem services and governance stockholm. Climate resilience is generally defined as the capacity for a socioecological system to. Biodiversity, ecosystem services and resilience governance for. Response diversity builds resilience in ecosystems society, too. Response diversity may also be a key determinant of ecosystem resilience in the face of anthropogenic pressures and environmental uncertainty. Driving forces of biodiversity and ecosystem service change. A naturebased response to climate change global ecosystembased adaptation in mountains programme. Consider the state of biodiversity and ecosystem resilience of monmouthshire and identify relevant habitats and species of principal importance for nature conservation. The contribution of ecosystem services to human resilience.
How species combine to deliver the ecological function they provide is pivotal for. A synthesis is emerging between biodiversity ecosystem. Furthermore, it is often argued that for coexistence to be possible, even functionally redundant species need to differ in some aspects, including in their susceptibility to threats or to. Here we present examples of response diversity from both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and across temporal and spatial scales. Biodiversity and resilience of ecosystem functions request pdf. Ecological resilience, the ability of an ecosystem to maintain its normal patterns of nutrient cycling and biomass production after being subjected to damage caused by an ecological disturbance. In standard ecological usage, response diversity rd refers to the range of reactions to environmental change among species that contribute to the same ecosystem function elmqvist et al. The resilience of ecosystems to environmental change recce. Protecting and enhancing the resilience of ecosystems. The convention on biological diversity just released a report pdf put together by their liaison expert group on geoengineering and biodiversity. Biological diversity appears to enhance the resilience of desirable ecosystem states, which is required to secure the production of essential. Although species vary in their responses to elevated ozone. Disasters and ecosystems, resilience in a changing climate source book. Ecological resilience refers to the ability of an ecosystem to maintain key functions and processes in the face of stresses or pressures, by resisting and then adapting to change.
Resilience is the capacity of a socialecological system to absorb or withstand perturbations and other stressors such that the system remains within the same regime, essentially maintaining its structure. Go to the pdfversion of this article the following is. Chapter 3 ecosystem resilience, environmental change and the role of a. In addition, expansion of that effort to socialecological systems has begun the process of identifying changes to the social system necessary to foster resilience in an ecological system such as the use of adaptive management and integrated ecosystem. Response diversity, ecosystem change, and resilience article pdf available in frontiers in ecology and the environment 19. Ecosystem services and resilience openness project.
Response diversity and resilience in socialecological systems. For example, increasing concern about the combined impacts of. Biodiversity and resilience of ecosystem functions. This means intact ecosystems are usually more productive than ones that have lost diversity. Resilience is analogous to hysteresis in physics and engineering. Diversity increases ecosystem resilience diversity affects an ecosystems ability to resist disturbance, like fire.
This variation in response within and between individual species determines both the shortterm provision and the longterm resilience of ecosystem functions. Box 4 because it impacts the functional and response diversity of a system. This warming will impact ecosystems through heat stress, precipitation changes and alterations in biogeochemical cycles and energy flows. Mori as, furukawa t, sasaki t response diversity determines the. Response diversity and resilience in socialecological. It is easier to lose diversity, productivity and even more resilience from. Response diversity, ecosystem change, and resilience elmqvist. Ecosystem services and resilience z 3 p a g e including food and water, land livestock assets, access to social safety nets e.